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NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
''National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Claiborne Hardware Co.'', 458 U. S. 886 (1982) was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court finding that although States have broad power to regulate economic activities, they could not prohibit peaceful political activity such as that found in the boycott that was the subject of the case.〔''NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.'', 458 U.S. 886 (1982)〕
== Facts ==
In March 1966, black citizens of Port Gibson, Mississippi, and other areas of Claiborne County presented white elected officials with a list of particularized demands for racial equality and racial integration. After not receiving a satisfactory response, at a local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) meeting at the First Baptist Church, several hundred black persons voted to place a boycott on white merchants in the area.〔(The Supreme Court, race, and civil rights, By Abraham L. Davis, Barbara Luck Graham, pg 350 )〕
In February 1967, Port Gibson employed its first black police officer and the boycott was lifted. However, in 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated, and a young black man, Roosevelt Jackson was shot and killed by two Port Gibson police officers.〔 On April 19, 1968, the field secretary of the NAACP for Mississippi, Charles Evers, led a march to the Claiborne County courthouse and demanded that the entire Port Jefferson police force be discharged.〔 When the demand was not met, the boycott on the merchants was reimposed. On April 21, Evers made a speech in which he said, "If we catch any of you going into these racist stores, we're going to break your damn neck."〔 During the boycott, individuals known as "Black Hats" or "Deacons" stood outside stores to identify blacks who broke the boycott.〔 The names of those who were identified were published in a black newspaper and the names were read aloud at NAACP meetings.〔 In at least 10 instances, blacks who violated the boycott experienced instances of violence, including shots fired into their homes, bricks thrown through their windshields, and tires on their cars slashed.〔〔458 U.S. 904-906〕
On October 31, 1969, 17 of the merchants sued in the Chancery Court of Hinds County, 146 individuals, the NAACP, and Mississippi Action for Progress (MAP) in state court to recover losses caused by the boycott and to enjoin future boycott activity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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